In 2001, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published the first edition of the Istanbul Protocol, which was subsequently updated in 2004. It has since been used in medico-legal and other contexts worldwide as a valuable practical tool to effectively guide the investigation and documentation of torture and ill-treatment, protection of victims and advocacy work of civil society on behalf of victims. Building on years of experience of using the Istanbul Protocol in practice, practitioners and academics worldwide have now collected their experiences, identified good practices and highlighted the lessons learned from its use, limitations, misinterpretation or even deliberate misuse. This rich collective effort has helped to further reflect advances in the understanding of the practices and effects of torture and ill-treatment, resulting in a comprehensive update of the Istanbul Protocol.
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